Thousands of pro-Union voters voted for a secession convention aiming that it should fail. . South Carolina acted first, calling for a convention to secede from the Union. "Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States." Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States. by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the Voters rejected the convention, and by extension, any secession. Whereas, in addition to the well-founded causes of complaint set forth by this convention, in resolutions adopted on the 11th of March, A.D. 1861, against the sectional party now in power in Washington City, headed by Abraham Lincoln, he has, in the face of resolutions passed by this convention pledging the State of Arkansas to resist to the last extremity any attempt on the part of such power to coerce any State that had seceded from the old Union, proclaimed to the world that war should be waged against such States until they should be compelled to submit to their rule, and large forces to accomplish this have by this same power been called out, and are now being marshaled to carry out this inhuman design; and to longer submit to such rule, or remain in the old Union of the United States, would be disgraceful and ruinous to the State of Arkansas: powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore With the capitals of the Confederacy and the Union only 100 miles apart, Virginia became the major battleground of the American Civil War. Acknowledging the moderates contribution to the cause, diehards such as Yancey were passed over as delegates to the southern convention in favor of former Unionists such as David Peter Lewis. consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh day of January, A. D. 1861. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Two other Southern states, Missouri and Kentucky, attempted secession ineffectively or only by irregular means. from West Virginia University in 2012 and her B.A. Address. Texas, Mississippi, Georgia and South Carolina all issued additional documents, usually referred to as the "Declarations of Causes," which explain their decision to leave the Union. Be it further declared and Ordinance of Secession, adopted by the Alabama constitutional convention of 1861. A majority favored immediate secession while some wanted to wait until Georgia and Alabama left first. Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State These delegates came mainly from cities where there were few slaves, or from northern Alabama where small farmers still adhered to Andrew Jacksons notion of an indivisible Union. Document to the people of Alabama from thirty-three men at the 1861 secession convention explaining why they did not sign the Ordinance of Secession. Now, therefore, we, the people of Virginia, do declare and ordain, That the ordinance adopted by the people of this State in convention on the twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and all acts of the General Assembly of this State ratifying and adopting amendments to said Constitution, are hereby repealed and abrogated; that the union between the State of Virginia and the other States under the Constitution aforesaid is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Virginia is in the full possession and exercise of all the rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. In 1863, forty-eight northwestern Unionist counties seceded from . AN ORDINANCE To dissolve the Union between the State of Texas and the other States united under the Compact styled "the Constitution of the United States of America." She earned her M.A. An act declaring the political ties heretofore existing between the State of Missouri and the United States of America dissolved. July 26, 2018. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Louisiana and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." And be it further resolved, That the ________________________________________TENNESSEE The convention adjourned on April 27, 1861. And they do further declare, That said Constitution of the United States of America is no longer binding on any of the citizens of this State. It was one of the original seven states to form the Confederacy on. One-stop destination for complete information on all trending topics related to Alabama state. White Georgians, along with other white southerners, disagreed over whether secession was a constitutional right (embodied in the national compact that grew out of . Geographic exposure to conflict between larger neighboring states also deterred secession in Delaware and Maryland. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. We the people of the State of Georgia in Convention assembled do declare and ordain and it is hereby declared and ordained that the ordinance adopted by the State of Georgia in convention on the 2nd day of Jany. That the people of the State of Mississippi hereby consent to form a federal union with such of the States as may have seceded or may secede from the Union of the United States of America, upon the basis of the present Constitution of the said United States, except such parts thereof as embrace other portions than such seceding States. Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, The document is signed in type by Robert Jemison Jr. and thirty-two others. One, C. Christopher Sheats of Winston County, continued arguing against secession until he was dragged out of the hall by celebrating citizens and put in jail for the rest of the convention. In 1863 a Unionist government in western Virginia created a new state from 50 western counties which entered the Union as West Virginia. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of North Carolina and the other States united with her, under the compact of government entitled "The Constitution of the United States." Declaration of the Causes of Secession, Georgia January 29, 1861 The people of Georgia having dissolved their political connection with the Government of the United States of America, present to their confederates and the world the causes which have led to the separation. I was able to analyze four secession documents written by states: South Carolina . Whereas, the Federal Constitution, which created the Government of the United States, was declared by the framers thereof to be the supreme law of the land, and was intended to limit and did expressly limit the powers of said Government to certain general specified purposes, and did expressly reserve to the States and people all other powers whatever, and the President and Congress have treated this supreme law of the Union with contempt and usurped to themselves the power to interfere with the rights and liberties of the States and the people against the expressed provisions of the Constitution, and have thus substituted for the highest forms of national liberty and constitutional government a central despotism founded upon the ignorant prejudices of the masses of Northern society, and instead of giving protection with the Constitution to the people of fifteen States of this Union have turned loose upon them the unrestrained and raging passions of mobs and fanatics, and because we now seek to hold our liberties, our property, our homes, and our families under the protection of the reserved powers of the States, have blockaded our ports, invaded our soil, and waged war upon our people for the purpose of subjugating us to their will; and It was a roll-call vote done in alphabetical order. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of South Carolina and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." We do further declare and ordain, That all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States, or any act of Congress, or treaty, or under any law of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in force and have the same effect as if this ordinance had not been passed. In Alabama's secession document it states the they are receding partially because they wanted to uphold the laws that promote slavery, where as Lincoln did not. When Confederate armies invaded Kentucky in 1862, bringing extra arms to equip new volunteers, briefly seizing the state capital, and installing an ephemeral state government, local recruitment proved weak and Union forces soon decisively defeated the invasion. After four days of debate, enough moderates had joined the secessionist camp to make the final vote 61 to 39. They did so in order to protect the institution of slavery. Write your response below: In Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States Secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the American Civil War, comprises the series of events that began on December 20, 1860, and extended through June 8 of the next year when eleven states . The 1861 document made specific provisions for the protection of slavery in the state. Adopted 20 Nov 1861, by a "Convention of the People of Kentucky". Describe Alabama's secession process. Reno wrote his superiors: As it was impossible for me to hold this place with my seventeen men, I trust that the Department will not hold me responsible for this unexpected catastrophe., Governor Moore wrote to President James Buchanan explaining the reasons why he felt compelled to order the seizure of Federal property before the convention began: I was fully convinced by the evidences which I had that that convention withdraw the State of Alabama from the Government of the United States Being thus convinced I deemed it my duty to take every precautionary step to make the secession of the State peaceful, and prevent detriment to her people The purpose with which my order was given and has been executed was to avoid and not to provoke hostilities between the State and Federal government., On the 5th, Alabama militia took Forts Morgan and Gaines, which were vital in protecting the entrance to Mobile Bay. Fugitive Slave Act 1850. WHEREAS, The recent developments in Federal affairs make it evident that the power of the Federal Government is sought to be made a weapon with which to strike down the interests and property of the people of Texas, and her sister slave-holding States, instead of permitting it to be, as was intended, our shield against outrage and aggression; THEREFORE,SECTION 1.-- We, the people of the State of Texas, by delegates in convention assembled, do declare and ordain that the ordinance adopted by our convention of delegates on the 4th day of July, A.D. 1845, and afterwards ratified by us, under which the Republic of Texas was admitted into the Union with other States, and became a party to the compact styled "The Constitution of the United States of America," be, and is hereby, repealed and annulled; that all the powers which, by the said compact, were delegated by Texas to the Federal Government are revoked and resumed; that Texas is of right absolved from all restraints and obligations incurred by said compact, and is a separate sovereign State, and that her citizens and people are absolved from all allegiance to the United States or the government thereof. . The People of Alabama. Section 2. Dr. Kathleen Logothetis Thompson graduated with her Ph.D. from West Virginia University in 2017. As the secession movement grew, people in Arkansas became greatly concerned. His election caused the first seven states to secede and form the Confederacy. Large celebrations took place in the streets of Montgomery, as cheering crowds fired rockets and firecrackers, amid displays of the Southern Cross and the Lone Star emblems. Adopted and passed in open convention on the 6th day of May, A.D. 1861. Civil Discourse: A Blog of the Civil War Era. therefore: Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Of the 39 delegates who opposed leaving the Union, 15 signed the secession resolution. Every purchase supports the mission. Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State. ________________________________________ALABAMA Rebecca Beatrice Brooks May 14, 2012 No Comments. We do further declare and ordain, That the union now subsisting between the State of North Carolina and the other States, under the title of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved, and that the State of North Carolina is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Join us online July 24-26! And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States. On February 4, 1861, delegates from six states of the deep South convened in Montgomery, Alabama to organize a provisional government for what they conceived to be a new, independent republicthe Confederate States of America. 2. in history with a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies from Siena College in 2010. And as it is the desire and purpose of Read the other secession documents here: South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee Missouri Kentucky Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States. Then, this is the place where you can find sources which provide detailed information. People of Alabama, in Convention assembled, Last edited on 29 December 2017, at 18:34, Ordinances and Constitution of the State of Alabama, The Constitution of the United States of America, https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Alabama_Ordinance_of_Secession&oldid=7173462. and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our The website or any of the authors does not hold any responsibility for the suitability, accuracy, authenticity, or completeness of the information within. Census returns and other government documents, news- . Two of these states were in the first phase of secession: Florida (third to secede on January 10, 1861) and Louisiana (sixth to secede on January 26, 1861). Done at Charleston the twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty. Lewis Cass, stationed at Mobile to collect U.S. tariffs. A test vote resulted in 54 to 46 for secession. Only an even less influential rump convention purported to secede. The other . South Carolina Declaration of Secession, 1860 Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 contest on November 6 with just 40% of the popular vote and not a single southern vote in the Electoral College. In February 1861, representatives of the seceding states met in Montgomery, Alabama, and organized the Confederate States of America. These acquisitions largely exceeded the original limits of the Republic. to the offices of president and vice-president of the United States of America, The secession of South Carolina was followed by the secession of six more statesMississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas-and the threat of secession by four moreVirginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Within days, southern states were organizing secession conventions. Florida's Ordinance of Secession . Many were cooperationists who either leaned against seceding or favored a more moderate path out of the Union. AN ORDINANCE to repeal the ratification of the Constitution of the United State of America by the State of Virginia, and to resume all the rights and powers granted under said Constitution. "To the People of Alabama": anti-secession document signed by Robert Jemison Jr. and other members of Alabama's 1861 secession convention, University Libraries Division of Special Collections, The University of Alabama http://archives.lib.ua.edu/repositories/3/resources/3972 Accessed May 01, 2023. translation missing: en.navbar.toggle_navigation. Whereas the present Administration of the Government of the United States has utterly ignored the Constitution, subverted the Government as constructed and intended by its makers, and established a despotic and arbitrary power instead thereof: Now, therefore, Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri, That all political ties of every character new existing between the Government of the United States of America and the people and government of the State of Missouri are hereby dissolved, and the State of Missouri, resuming the sovereignty granted by compact to the said United States upon admission of said State into the Federal Union, does again take its place as a free and independent republic amongst the nations of the earth. Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be, a Sovereign and Independent State. We do further declare and ordain that the union now existing between the State of Georgia and other States under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Georgia is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. 2. The people of Virginia in their ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America, adopted by them in convention on the twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, having declared that the powers granted under said Constitution were derived from the people of the United States and might be resumed whensoever the same should be perverted to their injury and oppression, and the Federal Government having perverted said powers not only to the injury of the people of Virginia, but to the oppression of the Southern slave-holding States: Texas' constitution is one of the largest state constitutions in the U.S. - only Alabama's and California's are longer. If you have trouble accessing this page and need to request an alternate format contact ehistory@osu.edu. Guide to the "To the People of Alabama": anti-secession document signed by Robert Jemison Jr. and other members of Alabama's 1861 secession convention Status Completed Date June 2014 Description rules Describing Archives: A Content Standard Language of description English Script of description . Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery--the greatest material interest of the world," members declared. Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh day of January, A.D. 1861. Sec. Secession had been seriously mentioned as a political option at least as far back as the Missouri crisis of 1819-21, and threats to disrupt the Union occurred in every sectional crisis from the nullification era (1828-33) onward. SOUTH CAROLINA|MISSISSIPPI|FLORIDA|ALABAMA|GEORGIA|LOUISIANA|TEXAS|VIRGINIA|ARKANSAS|NORTH CAROLINA|TENNESSEE|MISSOURI|KENTUCKY, Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States (Yale), SOUTH CAROLINA The South Secedes. Compiled with the long-term conflicts that had accrued over the past decades, many Southerners perceived Lincoln as an abolitionist bent on destroying slavery and a president who only represented the interests of the North. ________________________________________GEORGIA Now the word "rights" can be found 14 times, and "right" appear 32 times in these four state secession . approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That all C.F. Journals of the Secession Convention, 1861 Introductory Material January 1861 February 1861 March 1861 Appendices Title Page Prefatory note List of abbreviations Chronology Preface Justification for Convention Statement of Governor Houston Proposal to elect delegates Recommendations of delegates and Barbara Long), p. 25. the several States named in said resolutions. The Richmond Daily Dispatch reported: The forts contained 78,000 stand of arms, 1,500 boxes of powder, 300,000 rounds of musket cartridges, and other munitions of war.. Third. Therefore we, the people of the State of Arkansas, in convention assembled, do hereby declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the "ordinance and acceptance of compact" passed and approved by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas on the 18th day of October, A.D. 1836, whereby it was by said General Assembly ordained that by virtue of the authority vested in said General Assembly by the provisions of the ordinance adopted by the convention of delegates assembled at Little Rock for the purpose of forming a constitution and system of government for said State, the propositions set forth in "An act supplementary to an act entitled `An act for the admission of the State of Arkansas into the Union, and to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States within the same, and for other purposes,'" were freely accepted, ratified, and irrevocably confirmed, articles of compact and union between the State of Arkansas and the United States, and all other laws and every other law and ordinance, whereby the State of Arkansas became a member of the Federal Union, be, and the same are hereby, in all respects and for every purpose herewith consistent, repealed, abrogated, and fully set aside; and the union now subsisting between the State of Arkansas and the other States, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby forever dissolved.
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