[100] The black market was suppressed. Reinhard heydrich wikipedie. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, now known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the "Final Solution to the Jewish question"the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. Known as "The Hangman" and "The Blond Beast," Reinhard Heydrich (1904-1942) was the chief lieutenant of the German secret police during the Nazi regime. Nazi high official and deputy head of the SS (19041942), "Heydrich" redirects here. Heinz Heydrich was born in Halle an der Saale to composer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Courtesy of Stephen and Irene Parris. Updates? WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). Kubi received a minor shrapnel wound to his face. [37][38], Although the starting monthly salary of 180 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 679 in 2021) was low, Heydrich decided to take the job because Lina's family supported the Nazi movement, and the quasi-military and revolutionary nature of the post appealed to him. [90] Upon his appointment, Heydrich told his aides: "We will Germanize the Czech vermin. He received severance pay of 200 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 755 in 2021) a month for the next two years. On 28 December 1941 they parachuted into the Protectorate, where they lived in hiding, preparing for the mission. [160] His service record also gives him credit as a Navy Reserve Lieutenant, but in 1931 he was dismissed for conduct unbecoming an officer with loss of rank, and during World War II he had no contact with the Navy Reserve. Conditions in Prague and the rest of the Czech lands were relatively peaceful under Heydrich, and industrial output increased. This left Lina at home with the children and having to run the household alone. He was the director of the music conservatory in Halle, which he had founded in 1901. [142] Hitler planned for Heydrich to have a monumental tomb (designed by sculptor Arno Breker and architect Wilhelm Kreis) but, due to Germany's declining fortunes, it was never built. He was placed on his stomach in the back of the van and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. [83] According to the decree, "persons endangering German security" were to be arrested in a maximally discreet way: "under the cover of night and fog". Up to 200 people were killed in the action. [103], Heydrich was, for all intents and purposes, military dictator of Bohemia and Moravia. [54] On 9 June 1934, Rudolf Hess declared the SD the official Nazi intelligence service. The material was delivered to the NKVD. 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The Nazis wiped out the town of Lidice, killing all the men and shipping women and children to concentration camps after Heydrich was assassinated in 1942. [10] Two of his forenames were musical references: "Reinhard" referred to the hero from his father's opera Amen, and "Tristan" stems from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. Those associated with it or the resistance movement were tortured or executed. Berlin police are trying to find out who opened the unmarked grave of SS officer Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi killed by Czechoslovak agents in 1942. [138], Heydrich was interred in Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof, a military cemetery. [90] He viewed the area as a bulwark of Germandom and condemned the Czech resistance's "stabs in the back". ': James Bond fans convinced they know who is set to play next 007 after Hollywood actors drop MAJOR hint, Saboteurs wreck Russian train cut power cables 37mi from Ukraine, Woman dancing in the street films moment gunman opens fire, 'We're not your enemies!' [52], Himmler began developing the notion of a Germanic religion and wanted SS members to leave the church. He helped organise Kristallnacht, a series of coordinated attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 910 November 1938. Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. Acting on the advice of his associate Karl von Eberstein, who was Lina's friend and Heydrich's godbrother, Himmler agreed to interview Heydrich, but cancelled their appointment at the last minute. [159] After this Hitler personally ordered Heydrich to return to Berlin to resume his SS duties. By Lisette Allen 1st September 2017 The killing of Reinhard Heydrich, a key architect of the Final Solution, was one of the greatest acts of wartime resistance in occupied Europe. [110], When Hitler asked for a pretext for the invasion of Poland in 1939, Himmler, Heydrich, and Heinrich Mller masterminded a false flag plan code-named Operation Himmler. Commissioned as a naval officer, he was discharged in 1931 after a naval court of honour found him guilty of misconduct (for refusing to marry a shipyard directors daughter with whom he had had an affair). [16] These rumours increased after his maternal uncle Hans Krantz married a Hungarian Jew named Iza Jarmy. Moment commuter blasts eco-zealots, Royal superfans camping on The Mall ahead of King's Coronation, Historic chairs to be reused by the King for the coronation service, Hundreds of Household Division members rehearse for coronation, Russian freight train derails and bursts into flames after explosion, Women's rights activists and pro-trans campaigners separated, Cambridge students party in the park during annual celebrations, Moment bull suffers catastrophic injuries after leaping from bridge, LGBTQ+ supporters demand Ryan Webb resign at council meeting, Braverman: People crossing Channel are 'at odds with British values'. He was appointed SS chief for Berlin in 1934, and when Himmler became chief of all German police forces in 1936, Heydrich took charge of the SD, the criminal police, and the Gestapo. He organized mass executions in occupied countries during the early years of World War II. [40] As his power and influence grew throughout the 1930s, his wealth grew commensurately; in 1935 he received a base salary of 8,400 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 38,766 in 2021) and an allowance of 12,000 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 55,379 in 2021) and by 1938 his income increased to 17,371 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 77,580 in 2021), annually. Reinhard Heydrich, also known as The Butcher, rose to be Obergruppenfhrer of the notorious S.S. in Nazi Germany. [31][32] Six weeks later, on 14 July, he joined the SS. [84] For each prisoner, the SD had to fill in a questionnaire that listed personal information, country of origin, and the details of their crimes against the Reich. [60] The courts were not allowed to investigate or interfere. The Germans attempted to flush the men out with gunfire and tear gas, and by flooding the crypt. The Reich Protector, Konstantin von Neurath, remained the territory's titular head, but was sent on "leave" because Hitler, Himmler, and Heydrich felt his "soft approach" to the Czechs had promoted anti-German sentiment and encouraged anti-German resistance via strikes and sabotage. Son of Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth* Anna Heydrich (Krantz) Husband of Lina Mathilde Heydrich Father of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Heider Heydrich; Private and Private Brother of Maria Barthel and Heinz* Siegfried Heydrich [151] On 9 June, in the village of Lidice 172 boys and men between age 14 to 84 were shot. In response, Hitler authorised the destruction of the towns Lidice and Lezaky - including the killing of all the men and transporting of women and children to concentration camps. [163][164] While in Norway, Heydrich also organized the arrests of political opponents and arranged for a contingent of 200 SiPo and SD men to be stationed in several major cities. [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war. [46] Gercke reported that Heydrich was "of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement on 18 December 1930. People were arrested arbitrarily, sent to concentration camps, or killed. By October he had created a network of spies and informers for intelligence-gathering purposes and to obtain information to be used as blackmail to further political aims. [94] The terror also served to paralyse resistance in society, with public and widespread reprisals by the Nazis against any action resisting German rule. [124][125], In London, the Czechoslovak government-in-exile resolved to kill Heydrich. Reynard Heydrich lived in the lower castle and his family continued to live there until the Red Army forced them out in 1945. WebRudolf Diels, hacia 1933. [8] Lina later stated that Reinhard Heydrich never read Hitler's book, Mein Kampf. Eberstein met Heydrich at the train station and took him to see Himmler. [13], His father was a German nationalist with loyalties to the Kaiser, who instilled patriotic ideas in his three children but was not affiliated with any political party until after World War I. [38] Heydrich's counterintelligence service grew into an effective machine of terror and intimidation. [130][131], A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. By December 1941, Czechs could be called to work anywhere within the Reich. WebBirthdate: December 28, 1934. [17] She spoke with several authors, sent in letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband until her own death at the age of 74 on 14 August 1985 in Fehmarn.[12]. [100] Still, those measures could not hide shortages and increasing inflation; reports of growing discontent multiplied. [75], On 27 September 1939, the SD and SiPo made up of the Gestapo and the Criminal Police, or Kripo were folded into the new Reich Security Main Office or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), which was placed under Heydrich's control. Halle was not spared. Heydrich reinhard tristan encyclopedia. Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech and Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Leky. Anti-Jewish violence was forbidden for the duration, and news stands were required to stop displaying copies of Der Strmer. Given his position, Heydrich was instrumental in carrying out these plans since his Gestapo was ready to organise deportations in the West and his Einsatzgruppen were already conducting extensive killing operations in the East. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. To increase German control of the ghettos, he ordered the establishment of Judenrte (Jewish Councils) to implement German directives in the Jewish ghettos of German-occupied Poland. [127] To get from his home to the airport, Heydrich would have to pass a section where the Dresden-Prague road merges with a road to the Troja Bridge. [143] The couple had four children: Klaus, born in 1933, killed in a traffic accident in 1943; Heider, born in 1934; Silke, born in 1939; and Marte, born shortly after her father's death in 1942. [85], Heydrich created the "Zentralstelle IIP Polen" unit of the Gestapo in order to co-ordinate the ethnic cleansing of Poles in "Operation Tannenberg" and the Intelligenzaktion,[86] two codenames for extermination actions directed at the Polish people during the German occupation of Poland. Because Himmler was only four years older than Heydrich, Heydrichs hopes for advancement could be realized only with his specialization. Rhm was shot without trial, along with the leadership of the SA. Himmler was so impressed that he hired Heydrich immediately as the chief of the new SS 'Ic Service' or Intelligence Service (which later became known as the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)). Later, in the Soviet Union, they were charged with rounding up and murdering Jews via firing squad and gas vans. Lina was already a Nazi Party follower and antisemite; she had attended her first rally in 1929. [133] Heydrich reconciled himself to his fate on 2 June, during a visit by Himmler, by reciting one of his father's operas:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns Himself. Between April and November 1942, 79,000 Czech workers were taken in this manner for work within Nazi Germany. [25], Heydrich became notorious for his countless affairs. His changes to the government's structure left President Emil Hcha and his cabinet virtually powerless. [46] Within the Nazi organisation such innuendo could be damning, even for the head of the Reich's counterintelligence service. [6] Lina ignored this message, packed Reinhard's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. He died June 4 in a Prague hospital. [23], As a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles as well as Germany's large war debt, hyperinflation spread across Germany and many lost their life savings. [61] His wife, Lina, had already done so the year before. In 1933, Heydrich gathered some of his men from the SD and together they stormed police headquarters in Munich and took over the organisation using intimidation tactics. [132] A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided. Reinhard Heydrich was the protector of Czechoslovakia, which was renamed the province of Bohemia and Moravia by the Nazis. [28] Heydrich married Lina in December 1931. The comments below have been moderated in advance. On 3 June, the day after Himmler's visit, Heydrich fell into a coma and never regained consciousness. Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle, Germany. All the men were shot and the women and children were sent to concentration camps. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Their father, Bruno Heydrich was a composer and opera singer. To counteract these rumors, Heydrich told people he had joined several antisemitic and nationalist organizations, such as the Deutschvlkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. [56] At Hitler's direction, Heydrich, Himmler, Gring, and Viktor Lutze drew up lists of those who should be killed, starting with seven top SA officials and including many more. He evaded a Soviet patrol and contacted a forward German patrol. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Jan Kubi and Jozef Gabk headed the team chosen for the mission, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). The first three true death camps, designed for mass murder with no legal process or pretext, were built and operated at Treblinka, Sobibr, and Beec. [65], Heydrich was assigned to help organise the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Some info about Reinhard Heydrich family: Father: Bruno Heydrich Reinhard Heydrich Married to: Lina von Osten Children: Klaus, born 1933, Died in traffic accident 1943 Heider, born 1934 Silke, born 9.4.1939 Marte, born 1942 Siblings to Reinhard Heydrich: Maria Heydrich Heinz Heydrich Those who worked Heydrich feared him, as did those who were unfortunate enough to be under his control. [2][3], On 6 December 1930, aged 19, she attended a rowing-club ball in Kiel and met then Naval Lieutenant Heydrich there. Heydrich masterminded the plan and toured the site, which was about four miles (6km) from the Polish border. [102], The Czech workforce was exploited as Nazi-conscripted labour. [146], Heydrich's assailants hid in safe houses and eventually took refuge in Saints Cyril and Methodius Cathedral, an Orthodox church in Prague. Newspapers have carried strong editorials decrying his 'insensitivity' at wanting to restore a place 'from where orders for the deaths of thousands were given'. Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on iTunes. He combined repressive measures and mass executions with an attempt to mollify Czech peasants and workers by improving social and economic conditions. Many of Heydrich's fellow cadets falsely regarded him as Jewish. [41] Heydrich later received a Totenkopfring from Himmler for his SS service. During Kristallnacht in November 1938, Heydrich ordered the arrest of thousands of Jews by the Gestapo and the SS and their imprisonment in concentration camps. [135] He was 38 years old. Lina Mathilde Manninen (ne von Osten, formerly Heydrich; 14 June 1911 14 August 1985) was the wife of Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Security Main Office and a central figure in Nazi Germany. "[91], Heydrich came to Prague to enforce policy, fight resistance to the Nazi regime, and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were "extremely important to the German war effort". [93] Their names appeared on posters throughout the occupied country. In addition, many of the 2,242 people sent to Mauthausen died before the end of the period, some within days or weeks of their arrival. During his 11 years with the SS Heydrich "rose from the ranks" and was appointed to every rank from private to full general. Heydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). On July 31, 1941, Hermann Gring commissioned Heydrich to carry out a final solution to the Jewish question, authorizing him to take all organizational and administrative steps necessary for the extermination of the Jews. He avoided capture and returned to Berlin after being rescued by a patrol. Hitler used the ruse as an excuse to launch his invasion. [31], In 1931, Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. Heydrich died from his injuries a week later. By 1921, few townspeople there could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. [80], Heydrich's SD forged documents and letters implicating Tukhachevsky and other Red Army commanders. While still chief of the [59] The Gestapo had the authority to arrest citizens on the suspicion that they might commit a crime, and the definition of a crime was at their discretion. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, Heydrich was appointed chief of the political department of the Munich police force, and he helped bring the political police forces throughout Germany under Himmlers control. Notes from the meeting on the solution of Jewish Questions held on 10.10.1941 in Prague", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2: Letter of 18 September 1941 from Himmler to Reichsstatthalter Greiser", "Grave of top Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich opened in Berlin", "Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces", Documents concerning the Wannsee Conference, Director of the Reich Main Security Office, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Heydrich&oldid=1151613285, German military personnel killed in World War II, Holocaust perpetrators in Bohemia and Moravia, Infectious disease deaths in Czechoslovakia, Recipients of the German Order (decoration), Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Krantz (mother), This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 03:29. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (/hadrk/ HEYE-drik; German: [anhat tstan n had] (listen); 7 March 1904 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Their mother was the daughter of the head of the Royal Conservatory of Dresden. Heydrich rose rapidly through the ranks of the SD. [144] Lina wrote a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Living With a War Criminal), which was published in 1976. WebReinhard heydrich holocaust amp attentat. [34], In 1936, Heydrich learned that a top-ranking Soviet officer was plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin. The Butcher of Prague: 7 Facts About the Life of Nazi Reinhard Heydrich. At Wannsee, senior Nazi officials formalised plans to deport and exterminate all Jews in German-occupied territory and those countries not yet conquered. [123] On 20 January 1942, Heydrich chaired a meeting, now called the Wannsee Conference, to discuss the implementation of the plan. Generl v srdci neptele s cenou t diviz", "SOE a pprava atenttu na Reinharda Heydricha", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2. Reinhard was the older of the two, born on March 7, 1904. His father, Bruno Heydrich, was an opera singer. Music was a part of Heydrich's everyday life; his father founded the Halle Conservatory of Music, Theatre, and Teaching and his mother taught piano there. Edit your search or learn more. Stalin ordered one of his best NKVD agents, General Nikolai Skoblin, to pass Heydrich false information suggesting that Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky and other Soviet generals were plotting against Stalin. That a man as irreplaceable as Heydrich should expose himself to unnecessary danger, I can only condemn as stupid and idiotic. This placed a serious strain on their marriage that nearly resulted in divorce. He explained, "Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought."[92]. Historians regard Heydrich as the most fearsome member of the Nazi elite. Heydrich chaired the notorious Wannsee Conference (January 20, 1942), whose participants discussed the logistics of the final solution.. In 1926 he advanced to the rank of ensign (Leutnant zur See) and was assigned as a signals officer on the battleship SMS Schleswig-Holstein, the flagship of Germany's North Sea Fleet. [11], Heydrich's family held social standing and substantial financial means. WebTIL legend states that Reinhard Heydrich, high ranking Nazi, is said to have worn the Bohemian crown while overseeing occupied Czechoslovakia, an act which if done by a usurper is said to mean certain death within a year. Managed by: Michael Rper. Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. [1] After World War II ended, she published a memoir in 1976. They had 4 children: Heider Heydrich, Marte Heydrich, Silke Heydrich and Klaus Heydrich. But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he altered his response. [118], On 10 October 1941, Heydrich was the senior officer at a "Final Solution" meeting of the RSHA[d] in Prague that discussed deporting 50,000 Jews from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to ghettos in Minsk and Riga. To realise his goals, Heydrich demanded racial classification of those who could and could not be Germanized. Heydrich started his rule by terrorising the population: he proclaimed martial law, and 142 people were executed within five days of his arrival in Prague. Reinhard Heydrich. Supporters of the assassins who were killed in the wake of these events included the church's leader, Bishop Gorazd, who is now revered as a martyr of the Orthodox Church. [100] Labor was reorganised on the basis of the German Labour Front. Lina persuaded Heydrich to look into the recently formed Schutzstaffel (SS) as a career option. However, the reconciled Heydrich couple had another child, a daughter named Silke (born 9 April 1939). Edit Search New Search Filters (1) To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info and Locationeven a guess will help. Heydrich, initially a frail and sickly youth, was encouraged by his parents to exercise to build up his strength. Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. Reinhard lived in Halle. There is no evidence that he participated in the fighting, and when the skirmishes ended, he was part of the force assigned to protect private property. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [141] A photograph of Heydrich's burial shows the wreaths and mourners to be in section A, which abuts the north wall of the Invalidenfriedhof and Scharnhorststrae, at the front of the cemetery. [44] To mark the occasion of Heydrich's December wedding, Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS-Sturmbannfhrer (major). By order of the Reichsfhrer-SS, residency without possession of an identification card is punishable by death. He was put on trial in Berlin and sentenced to death, but was kept alive as a hostage. [4] He was the founding head of the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service, SD), an intelligence organisation charged with seeking out and neutralising resistance to the Nazi Party via arrests, deportations, and murders.
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