For a _____ conviction of a DUI you could pay a fine of not less than $500 or more than $2,000. 0000046752 00000 n First, what type of occupants should the criteria be based on; e.g., should they be based on a mid-size male, small-size female, or a child? According to the results of NHTSA's most recent self-reporting survey of seat belt use, the Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS), while more than four-fifths of survey respondents said they always wore their seat belts when driving (88%) or riding as a passenger in the front seat (86%), only 58 percent said they always wore their seat belts when riding as a passenger in the rear seat. Seat belt warnings for front outboard passenger seats (which are not required by FMVSS No. Volvo, Toyota, Mazda, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover offer vehicles for sale in the U.S. with rear seat belt warning systems. The agency also seeks comment on the safety need for such warnings and the costs and feasibility of addressing these issues. the most extreme example of aggressive driving is called: No passing to the left shall be done when, Both Seat belt interlocks prevent starting or operating a motor vehicle if an occupant is not using a seat belt. NHTSA has, over time, used a variety of strategies to increase seat belt use, including sponsoring national media campaigns, providing assistance to states enacting seat belt use laws and high-visibility enforcement campaigns, and facilitating or requiring vehicle-based strategies. 11. In 2002 and 2003, NHTSA sent letters to several vehicle manufacturers encouraging them to enhance seat belt warning systems beyond the FMVSS No. 0000017138 00000 n The OFR/GPO partnership is committed to presenting accurate and reliable [74] Using a seat belt is one of the most effective actions a motor vehicle occupant can take to prevent death and injury in a crash. 10. [94], A rear seat belt warning system can increase rear seat belt use in two ways: It can remind a rear seat occupant to fasten his or her belt, and it can inform the driver that a passenger is unbuckled, so that the driver can request the occupant to fasten their belt. trailer More than 400 of these occupants would have survived if they had worn their seat belts. documents in the last year, 84 0000005753 00000 n 16 will require a rear seat belt warning. 36, 38. Because of the low prevalence and limited history with rear seat belt warnings, NHTSA has limited direct data on the effectiveness of rear seat belt warnings. As noted above, an enhanced warning that activates for an unoccupied seat could be a nuisance that either desensitizes the occupants to the warning signal or leads them to circumvent or defeat the warning. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. 87. documents in the last year, 24 Five commenters opposed requiring rear seat belt warnings: Ford Motor Company, General Motors, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, the Association of International Automobile Manufacturers (now known as the Association of Global Automakers), and a commenter from the general public. The current driver's seat belt visual warning is required to last at least 60 seconds under the second compliance option. The limited duration driver's seat belt warning requirement has remained in the standard, with some changes, since 1974. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [hereinafter DOT 2007 Acceptability Study]. 1. Illegal window tinting. The petitioners further asserted that rear seat belt warnings are technologically feasible and would be less costly if they were required in all vehicles. Transportation Research Board Study, supra, pp. The system can determine whether any seats are occupied by an unbelted occupant, as opposed to simply notifying the driver which or how many belts, if any, are fastened. A long-term deactivation may only be effectuated by a sequence of operations that are detailed only in the manufacturer's technical manual or which require tools that are not provided with the vehicle. We seek comment on these concerns, as well as other concerns. This might be addressed by programming the system to require input from door or occupant sensors to verify that the driver is in the vehicle. NHTSA-2010-0061-0002. 30111, to submit a report to Congress describing the reasons for not prescribing such a standard. 0000006819 00000 n For complete information about, and access to, our official publications [32] Motor vehicle safety standard means a minimum performance standard for motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment. In order to earn bonus points, Euro NCAP requires the system to activate the change of status warning immediately at vehicle speeds over 25 km/h. NHTSA also seeks comment on whether an audible warning alone, without a visual warning, would be an effective way to alert the driver to the status of the rear seat belts and increase rear seat belt use. documents in the last year. Donna Glassbrenner & Marc Starnes. NHTSA also seeks comment on whether there would be any other non-regulatory approaches that would be appropriate. With respect to school buses, we acknowledge that a rear seat belt warning requirement might place additional cost burdens on school systems, given that such cost can lead to reductions in school bus service, resulting in greater risk to students. Lives Saved by Vehicle Safety Technologies and Associated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 1960 to 2012Passenger Cars and LTVsWith Reviews of 26 FMVSS and the Effectiveness of Their Associated Safety Technologies in Reducing Fatalities, Injuries, and Crashes. Mazda and Ford introduced rear seat belt reminders in MY 2018 and 2019, respectively. As discussed above, Congress enacted this restriction in 1974. NHTSA also seeks comment on the results of the 2015 survey, including whether and to what extent, selection bias might influence the results. (Other exceptions also apply.) In addition to this, while enhanced warnings are potentially more effective due to their persistence and annoyance,[68] WebUsed Car Warranty. [28] 0000023448 00000 n The agency also determined that the Safety Act did not prohibit manufacturers from implementing enhanced warning systems as long as the manufacturer provided some means of differentiating the voluntarily-provided signal from the required signal (for example, by a clearly distinguished lapse in time between the two signals). Developing appropriate attitudes depends on recognizing that attitudes are: Approximately 100,000 police-reported crashes annually involve drowsiness and fatigue as a principal casual factor. The petitioners noted that primary enforcement laws typically do not cover rear seat occupants and asserted that studies have proven that warnings for rear seat belts significantly increase rear passenger seat belt use. True False Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to For example, it may be technically challenging for an occupant detection system to recognize a large occupant spanning multiple seating positions as a single occupant rather than two occupants. Should it also depend on the recipient of the warning (for example, driver versus rear passenger)? 7. The first option requires that if the key is in the on or start position and the seat belt is not in use, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for at least 60 seconds, and an audible warning that lasts 4 to 8 seconds. (2019, February). This could be addressed by utilizing seat belt buckle and spool-out sensors and deactivating the warning only if the webbing were spooled out more than a predetermined length. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, p. 1. https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2019-20644, MODS: Government Publishing Office metadata, https://www.transportation.gov/regulations/dot-information-dissemination-quality-guidelines, https://www.regulations.gov/docs/Tips_For_Submitting_Effective_Comments.pdf. On the basis of the general solubility rules given in Table 7.1, predict which of the following substances are likely to be appreciably soluble in water. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. 0000057688 00000 n The second study used an experimental or focus-group-based approach to study consumer acceptance as well as effectiveness. NHTSA seeks comment on whether a proposed rear seat belt warning system would meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. Euro NCAP introduced SBRS bonus points in 2002. Automatic belts are rarely, if ever, installed in current production vehicles, and NHTSA's regulations limit the seating positions for which automatic belts may be used to rear seats. That is, women, elderly drivers, speeding, seat belt non-use, and recent model year vehicles are associated with an increased risk of fatality. 75. How do I submit confidential business information? You do not need to change your windshield wipers; they should last as long as you own the car. The study found that overall, drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning system were satisfied with the system and noticed an increase in rear seat belt use. [64] daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial NHTSA is considering proposing any of a variety of minimum requirements for a rear seat belt warning system. This action has been determined to be significant under Executive Order 12866, as amended by Executive Order 13563, and the Department of Transportation (DOT) Order 2100.6, Policies and Procedures for Rulemakings. It has been reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866. What are some of the visual clues a defensive driver can use to spot an impaired driver? Research has found that seat belts greatly reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries, compared to the risk faced by unrestrained occupants. documents in the last year, 1008 Some states with mandatory rear seat belt laws include rear-seat specific messaging in their media campaigns. Volvo and Jaguar Land Rover vehicles sold in the United States and equipped with rear seat belt warnings provide a change-of-status warning. Your body reacts to an alarm reaction by releasing _______ into your blood stream: with severe emotional pain, the driver could turn to substance ___ to hide emotional pain. NHTSA has not subsequently amended FMVSS No. 0000045181 00000 n MVOSS does, however, provide demographic detail that cannot be observed and insight into the reasons people do and do not use seat belts. With respect to audible warnings, we seek comment on the following: 17. Alternatives to a visual warning (telltale) on vehicle start-up could include an audible signal, either electronic or mechanical, or a haptic warning (e.g., steering wheel or seat vibration). Because of the detail of the data gathered (e.g., occupant demographic and vehicle-specific information), the analysis was able to control for confounding factors. As it continues with the proceeding required to be initiated by MAP-21, NHTSA seeks comment on a variety of issues related to amending FMVSS No. 208 currently requires a driver's seat belt warning with an audible warning lasting between four and eight seconds. 208 is this statutory limitation. When prescribing such standards, the Secretary must consider all relevant, available motor vehicle safety information. See 56 FR 3222 (Jan. 29, 1991). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, pp. Explain why you agree or disagree, suggest alternatives, and substitute language for your requested changes. The current driver's belt warning requirements specify that a belt is not in use when, at the option of the manufacturer, either the seat belt latch mechanism is not fastened or the belt is not extended at least 10.16 centimeters (cm) (4 inches (in)) from its stowed position. 0000046355 00000 n Similarly, should there be criteria for the duration of the warning? Counts are subject to sampling, reprocessing and revision (up or down) throughout the day. NHTSA has granted Public Citizen and Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety's petition. h. Cr2S3\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{~S}_3Cr2S3. 26. Potential Specifications for a Required Rear Belt Warning System, E. Technological and Economic Feasibility, I. At what Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) are you presumed impaired in Florida? 0000028314 00000 n when you are experiencing heightened stress, emotions or fatigue, the driver should: Exhaustion can manifest itself in your life in such things as: Both a and b approaching or upon the crest of a grade For example, would an audible notification (e.g., a chime) indicating that a rear-seat occupant had buckled the belt effectively inform the driver (or facilitate the driver in determining) whether there were any unbuckled rear-seat occupants? 0000043815 00000 n If commenters believe that a proposed seat belt warning system would not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. 61. If it mandates an audible warning, should NHTSA specify any additional audible warning characteristics (for example, a minimum/maximum sound level)? include documents scheduled for later issues, at the request [FR Doc. 22. [35] The second level warning is triggered by threshold criteria based on distance traveled, speed, or duration of travel, which are determined by the manufacturer. It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. [95], NHTSA has conducted a variety of research relating to the effectiveness of in-vehicle seat belt warnings. NHTSA seeks comment on the effectiveness of rear seat belt warning systems. Petitioners asserted that rear seat belt warnings would save hundreds of lives each year and that a large percentage of the lives saved would be children. The regulations do not require seat belt warnings for any seating position other than the driver's seat. Using a seat belt is one of the most effective actions a motor vehicle occupant can take to prevent death and injury in a crash. [62] See Transportation Research Board Study, supra, p. 31 n.3. documents in the last year, 125 In the U.S., occupant detection is widely used in existing vehicles in the front outboard designated seating positions, either as part of an advanced air bag system, or as part of a voluntary seat belt warning system. In response to the 2005 SAFETEA-LU mandate, NHTSA undertook a multi-phase research study of seat belt warnings. In light of Congress's repeal of this restriction, NHTSA seeks comment on removing the corresponding provision in FMVSS No. 81. documents in the last year, 295 These systems might be more effective than a positive-only system because they would directly inform the driver whether any rear seat occupants were unbuckled, without the driver having to compare the number or location of occupants and fastened belts. Accordingly, we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material. The TRB report (published in 2004) found that new seat belt use technologies could increase belt use without being overly intrusive. 85. provide legal notice to the public or judicial notice to the courts. Below we ask specific questions about potential specifications for visual and audible warnings, and, more generally, which of these NHTSA should propose for the rear seat belt warning system minimum requirements. 208 for compliance testing of low-risk deployment and suppression air bag systems? These are both legitimate questions and while it may seem In addition, a change-of-status warning is required by the new ECE regulation No. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, p. 41. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. Negative-only and full-status systems would provide more direct information to the driver, but might be more technically complex. 0000012756 00000 n For example, NHTSA could specify use of the 6-year-old test dummy. Most currently-produced vehicles also have a seat belt warning for the front outboard passenger seat, although FMVSS No. For example, how would such an alert function if there were multiple rear-seat occupants? 5. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 89. Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). 3. should verify the contents of the documents against a final, official [12] Traffic signals direct traffic flow from two different directions. NHTSA's research suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visual warnings are generally more effective than text or icons alone, but are also more intrusive. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 directs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. To ensure that your comments are considered by the agency, make sure to submit them by the comment period deadline identified in the. The agency has presented a wide variety of different potential alert systems, all with different cost and effectiveness profiles, and is not at this time conducting a cost-benefit analysis on any particular approach. legal research should verify their results against an official edition of The acid reacts with The magnesium to produce hydrocen gas and MgCl2\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}MgCl2. Because, unlike NOPUS, it is not observational, the MVOSS is not the best indicator of national belt use. The documents posted on this site are XML renditions of published Federal Unable to pull the Mustang from underneath the semi, fire crews worked for nearly 30 minutes cutting away the top of the vehicle, as well as two of the doors, to free [15] (2019, February). NHTSA published several reports. For example, for the static suppression and low-risk deployment compliance options, FMVSS No. 65. Should it be linked to the vehicle's speed and/or transmission position (e.g., forward or reverse, or other criteria), and if so, what should the criteria be, and why? better and aid in comparing the online edition to the print edition. Public Law 109-59, 10306 (2005). 58. [73] See www.regulations.gov for more information. Approximately 37,000+ people die annually on the roads of the United States. shot of 80 proof whiskey, a 5 oz. Frontal air bags have been standard equipment in all passenger cars since model year 1998 and in all SUVs, pickups and vans since model year 1999. 0000014383 00000 n 1. 0000108954 00000 n Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2015). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 66; and IIHS Status Report Vol. Executive Orders 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) require agencies to regulate in the most cost-effective manner, to make a reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs, and to develop regulations that impose the least burden on society. Additionally, Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 require agencies to provide a meaningful opportunity for public participation. 0000101538 00000 n 2007. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.4.1.1. to 8.4.2.4.1.3. In addition to a warning at the beginning of a trip, should there be a warning if a seat belt becomes unbuckled in the course of a trip (a change-of-status warning)? 0000009731 00000 n The city of Provo in Utah, tats-Unis, has 44 public charging station ports (Level 2 and Level 3) within 15km. 94. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, pp. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 1. i?J?C$If 'QHv3Sl1. A.) For example, the system could indicate how many or which rear seat belts are in use (a positive-only system); how many or which rear seat belts are not in use (a negative-only system); or how many or which rear seat belts are in use and how many or which rear seat belts are not in use (a full-status system). What type of information should the warning convey? The new ECE regulation specifies a first level 30 second visual warning and second level 30 second audiovisual warning for the front seats and a 60 second visual signal for the rear seats. documents in the last year, by the Food Safety and Inspection Service Web(SHSP) is to reach zero fatalities. developer tools pages. These include: The types of seat belt warning system requirements the agency should propose; the effectiveness of such systems at increasing rear seat belt use; the degree to which consumers would accept such systems; the associated benefits and costs; and the vehicles to which any proposed requirements should apply. In 2005, Congress passed legislationthe Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU)[37] Unbelted rear seat passengers pose a serious threat to the driver and other vehicle occupants, as well as themselves. NOPUS observations are made during daylight hours and are not necessarily representative of high-risk driving times when belt use may be lower. 39-40, 61; Boyle & Lampkin, supra, pp. on NARA's archives.gov. To ensure that your comments are correctly filed in the Docket, please include the Docket Number found in the heading of this document in your comments. We seek comment on how NHTSA might specify warning requirements so that any such conflicts are avoided or minimized, and, if a conflict cannot be avoided, which warning, if any, should take precedence. 15. A.) Transportation Research Board Study, supra, pp. Hard-core non-users are those who generally do not acknowledge the benefits of seat belts and are opposed to their use.[90] has no substantive legal effect. WebIn 2020, 607 child passengers* ages 12 and younger were killed in motor vehicle crashes in the United States, 1 and more than 63,000 were injured. NHTSA has granted the petition. 3. When you send a comment containing information claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a cover letter setting forth the information specified in our confidential business information regulation (49 CFR part 512). 208 requires the driver's seat belt warning to be audio-visual. The second level warning consists of a visual and audible signal activated for at least 30 seconds, not counting periods in which the warning may stop for up to 3 seconds. The front occupant visual signal must remain active until the seat belt is fastened. This information is not part of the official Federal Register document. 90. B.) However, occupant detection for the rear seats may present both technical and cost challenges. Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. iv. We seek comment on the technological and economic challenges that might be posed by different types of warning systems, including the type of equipment and re-design they might necessitate. Special Report 278 at 18, Committee for the Safety Belt Technology Study, Transportation Research Board of The National Academies (2003) [hereinafter Transportation Research Board Study]. Without a rear seat belt warning, the driver must turn around to ascertain whether a rear seat occupant is using a seat belt (or ask the occupant); in some vehicles, belt use may not be evident to the driver, even if he or she turned around, due to line-of-sight limitations. 1 Parents and caregivers can make a lifesaving difference by ensuring that their children are properly buckled on every trip. We also seek comment on ways to propose performance requirements that provide manufacturers with the flexibility to design a warning system that is appropriate for each vehicle type. NHTSA also seeks comment on the technological and economic feasibility of alternative rear seat belt warning systems. In Florida, immersion in water or fire as a result of a collision happens in less than ________ of all collisions annually. 208 is intended to reduce the likelihood of occupant deaths and the likelihood and severity of occupant injuries in crashes. 101. Content-Type: application/pdf 0000010422 00000 n The third report summarized and extended the analyses from the previous two reports. According to data from NHTSA's National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), from 2006 to 2017, seat belt use was lower in the rear seat than in the front seat, ranging from a difference of 6.2 percent in 2007 (76.3% vs. 82.5%) to 15.6 percent in 2006 (64.8% vs.
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